These are votive objects deposited in Buddhist paintings to endow them with religious meaning and sanctity. They were associated with the paintings Ten Kings of Hell and Underworld Messengers at Jungheungsa Temple, both of which were produced in 1829 by ten monk-painters, including Singyeom. These objects are noteworthy for faithfully following the formalities described in the Josanggyeong (Sutra on the Production of Buddhist Images), which relates in detail the list of necessary votive objects, the meaning of enshrining them, and the appropriate ritual procedures.