This painting depicts King Odojeollyun, the Tenth King among the Ten Kings of Hell who judge the sins of the deceased. King Odojeollyun is the final king, delivering judgment three years after a person’s death. True to his name, which translates to “turning the five wheels of a cart,” he determines where the deceased will be reincarnated based on the severity of their sins.

The King is shown wearing armor and a helmet, holding a brush in one hand. In the lower-right corner of the scene, a prison guard stands atop a table holding the Dharma Wheel, while various paths extend above the table. Along these paths are souls destined for reincarnation as monks, men, women, or animals. Surrounding the table are beings awaiting their reincarnation, an official who appears to be giving them instructions, and another figure behind him holding an unfolded scroll. In the lower-left corner, a sinner is depicted trapped in the dark and desolate realm of the black hell.

Because this painting lacks any record of its creation date or region, precise information is difficult to determine. However, several features suggest its origin: the rounded top of the chair’s backrest adorned with dragon-head decorations on either side, the technique of dividing the composition into scenes using cloud-shaped motifs, and the arrangement of the Hell scenes all resemble Ten Kings of Hell paintings commonly produced in Gyeongsang Province during the 18th century. Additionally, the omission of a background and the subdued color palette indicate that it was likely created in the early to mid-18th century.