These paintings depict the Ten Kings of Hell, who preside over the judgment of the deceased's sins. From right to left, the painting features King Jingwang (the first king), King Chogang (the second king), King Songje (the third king), King Ogwan (the fourth king), and King Yama (the fifth king). At the center of the composition, each king is depicted seated, while in the foreground, deceased individuals are dragged by prison guards and shown receiving their punishments.

Each king is seated on a high-backed chair positioned against a large partition decorated with landscape paintings. The figures are rendered hierarchically: the central king appears largest, followed by slightly smaller judges and guards, with the sinners depicted as the smallest.

The format of depicting each king individually in a single painting, as seen in this work, was a popular style in paintings created in workshops in the Ningbo region during the Southern Song Dynasty. This format remains well-preserved in surviving examples today. Notably, this painting bears compositional similarities to the Ten Kings of Hell series by the Southern Song painter Lu Xinzhong (currently housed in the Nara National Museum, Japan). However, its gold-painted patterns on the clothing, soft color palette, and intricate designs on the kings’ table coverings reflect the distinct characteristics of Goryeo Buddhist paintings. These works serve as an important artifact, shedding light on the artistic exchanges within East Asia during the late Goryeo period.