This portrait of the renowned Neo-Confucian scholar Yi Je-hyeon (1287-1376) was painted in China and transmitted to Korea. Yi Je-hyeon introduced Neo-Confucianism and the writing style of Zhao Mengfu (1254-1322) to Goryeo, where they were widely disseminated. He served in various high-ranking positions beginning in the reign of King Chungnyeol (the 25th king of the Goryeo dynasty) and lasting into that of King Gongmin (the 31st king). He also engaged in frequent exchanges with scholars from Yuan China. The upper portion of the portrait features two poems, one written by Yi 21 years after the portrait was painted and another by the famous writer Tang Binglong. Yi’s verse explains that he had his portrait painted by the Yuan painter Chen Jianru while accompanying King Chungseon (the 26th king of Goryeo) in Hangzhou and that he asked Tang Binglong to compose an inscription for the portrait. In this full-length portrait, Yi is seated facing left with his hands clasped inside a white silk robe. However, his right thumb can be seen peeking out of the sleeve, which was a characteristic feature of Chinese portraits at that time. He wears a black hat and his face is flesh-colored, without any particular shading. Just behind his left shoulder is a lacquered desk on which a copy of the Yijing and an ancient bronze vessel are prominently placed. This rare surviving portrait from the early Goryeo period is highly significant for reasons that extend beyond art history; it provides concrete evidence of the cultural exchanges between Goryeo and Yuan China.